2.
Evaluation Of Lactation Performance Of Beetal Goats Under Different Milking Systems
by Muhammad Mudassir Sohail | Dr.Jalees ahmed Bhatti | Prof.Dr.Anjum | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Abdullah.
Material type: Book; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Studies were conducted to evaluate the lactation performance of Beetal goats under different milking systems at Small Ruminants Training and Research Centre, Ravi Campus, Pattoki to determine the effects of different milking frequencies and methods on milk production and composition. Twenty four (24) lactating Beetal goats of approximately same weight in first lactation were selected. Twenty four experimental does were randomly divided into four (04) equal treatments A, B, C and D according to Complete Randomized Design with factorial arrangement. Treatment-A was hand milked twice daily (06:00 AM and 06:OOPM) and considered as control treatment, treatment-B was milked thrice daily (06:00, 02:00 PM and 10:00 PM) manually, treatment-C was milked twice daily by machine and treatment-D was milked thrice using machine. All experimental goats were individually kept under same management conditions and fed on Lucerne hay based total mixed ration ad libitum, and were allowed to graze for 4 hours in the morning.
Daily TMR intake was significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments. Highest daily total mixed ration intake was observed in treatment D (1.47 ± 0.01 kg), followed by treatment B, C and A (1.33 ± 0.02 kg). Daily milk production in goats was significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments. Highest daily milk production was recorded in Treatment D and B, followed by C and A (804.59±6.55 ml). On over all basis daily milk production was 928.16±16.34 ml/goat. Milk samples were analyzed for fat, solid-not-fats, density, water and proteins contents. The results of fat content showed declining trend in twice and thrice machine milking. Highest (3.95 ± 0.08 %) fat content was observed in B followed by A, C and D (3.67 ± 0.06 %). Statistically non significant differences were observed in fat content between treatments. Overall mean for solid not fat contents was 8.87±0.07 %. Highest (9.21±0.17 %) SNF contents were recorded in treatment D, followed by A, B and C (8.68±0.14 %). Statistically significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between treatments in SNF. Over all mean for density was 1.032±0.00032 g/crn3 and was highest (1.033±0.00072) in Treatment D, followed by A, C and B and differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) between treatments. Proportion of water in milk was 87.23±0.072 %. Water contents were highest (87.37±0.111 %) in Treatment C followed by B, A, and D. Differences between treatments were nonsignificant. Protein contents in milk were 3.17±0.022 % on over all bases. Highest (3 .22±0.043) protein content per lOOmi milk was observed in C, followed by B, D and A, but differences were non- significant between treatments. Lactation length was significant (P<0.05) among all the treatments. The goats in treatment D showed longest lactation length (125.83±0.7 days) followed by B and C. Shortest lactation length was observed in treatment A (111.5±1.82 days) kept on twice a day hand milking. Milk production economics was calculated as the total variable cost includes cost of TMR consumed, labor, utility cost and sale value of milk produced per goat per day. Total variable cost incurred daily was Rs. 22.26, 25.46, 22.21 and 24.87 per goat under treatment A, B, C and D, respectively. Daily gross margin per goat was highest (Rs. 2.576) on treatment C followed by D (Rs. 1.698), B (Rs. 1.00) and A (Rs. -0.741). Machine milking twice and thrice a day found more economical as compared to manual milking.
On the basis of the above mentioned facts and figures it is concluded that the Beetal goat can be maintained as dairy animal under improved milking system. Milk production and composition was improved, lactation length was extended and production was more economical under thrice a day by hand or machine milking.
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3.
Relationship Between Live Body Weight And Body Measurements In Hissardale Sheep
by Umair Younas | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Abdullah.
Material type: Book; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the relationship between live body weight and body measurements in Hissardale sheep at Livestock Experiment Station Jahangirabad, district Khanewal. The Hissardale sheep were divided into five age groups designated as, A=0-6 months, B= 7-12 months, C= 13-18 months, D= 19-24 months and E group contained more than 24 months age animals. The data on body weight and body measurements; body length (BL), height at withers (HAW), heart girth (HG), neck length (NL), neck width (NW), ear length (EL), ear width (EW), tail length (TL) and tail width (TW) will be taken by using measuring tape. Data on total 314 observations of different age groups of sheep were collected. The mean height at wither of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 48.85 ±2.35, 55.50 ± 1.85, 61.91 ± 1.79, 63.59 ± 1.53, 66.35 ± 3.22cm. The mean body length (cm) of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 47.45 ±2.69, 54.27 ± 1.80, 60.66 ± 1.78, 63.91 ± 2.02, 70.69 ± 3.51cm respectively. The mean heart girth of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 48.17 ±2.83, 55.64 ± 1.95, 60.83 ± 1.95, 64.94 ± 1.90, 80.67 ± 3.65cm respectively. The mean ear length of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 12.41 ± 0.93, 12.50 ± 0.59, 12.68 ± 0.63, 13.53 ± 0.72, 14.21 ± 1.71cm respectively. The mean ear width of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 6.31 ± 0.65, 6.31 ± 0.63, 6.70 ± 0.65, 6.35 ± 0.53, 7.15 ± 0.60cm respectively. The mean neck length of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 14.85 ± 1.70, 15.23 ± 0.90, 15.14 ± 0.63, 15.93 ± 0.68, 19.36 ± 1.57cm respectively. The mean neck width of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 12.22 ± 1.165, 13.90 ± 0.72, 13.68 ± 0.67, 14.42 ± 0.80, 16.30 ± 1.69cm respectively. The mean tail length of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 22.25 ± 2.59, 22.30 ± 0.97, 22.24 ± 1.85, 25.97 ± 2.67, 27.64 ± 4.22cm respectively. The mean tail width of Hissardale sheep in five age groups (A, B, C, D, and E group) was found to be 1.98 ± 0.38, 2.60 ± 0.30, 2.95 ± 0.30, 3.54 ± 0.46, 4.32 ± 0.61cm respectively. The correlation coefficients between body weight and other body measurements in age group of 0-6 month: body weight, height at wither, body length, heart girth, ear length, ear width, neck length, neck width, tail length and tail width were found to be 0.798, 0.696, 0.586, 0.467, -0.18, -0.039, 0.458, 0.253, 0.153 respectively. The correlation coefficients between body weight and other body measurements in age group of 7-12 months: body weight, height at wither, body length, heart girth, ear length, ear width, neck length, neck width, tail length and tail width were 0.855, 0.835, 0.850, 0.461, -0.137, 0.316, 0.599, 0.320, 0.443 respectively. The correlation coefficients between body weight and other body measurements in age group of 13-18 months: body weight, height at wither, body length, heart girth, ear length, ear width, neck length, neck width, tail length and tail width were 0.676, 0.536, 0.708, 0.455, 0.350, 0.666, 0.597, 0.397, and 0.643 respectively. The correlation coefficients between body weight and other body measurements in age group of 19-24 months: body weight, height at wither, body length, heart girth, ear length, ear width, neck length, neck width, tail length and tail width were 0.737, 0.828, 0.769, 0.275, 0.508, 0.600, 0.575, 0.617, and 0.537 respectively. The correlation coefficients between body weight and other body measurements in age group of above 24 months: body weight, height at wither, body length, heart girth, ear length, ear width, neck length, neck width, tail length and tail width were 0.549, 0.466, 0.425, 0.116, 0.253, 0.437, 0.463, 0.327, and 0.077 respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1245,T] (1).